�� [��]

��

04-15-2008, 08:29 AM

��
��

��

�� .. ��

�� , �� , ��

�� , �� , �� , �� , �� .

�� .

�� Moschus moschi ferus �� , �� , �� , �� . �� . �� .

�� ߿

�� , �� , �� . �� "�� " �� .

�� (�� ) �� Musk in Pods �� (Musk in grain) �� .

�� . �� , �� , ��, �� .

�� :

�� : "�� " �� : "�� , �� .

�� , �� .

�� (��) �� , �� .

�� :
�� 1.4% �� (Muskone) �� (Muskcopyridine) �� .

�� 100 �� .

�� :

�� , �� :

� �� .

� �� .

� �� .

� �� .

� �� ..

�� ߿.

� �� :

1 � �� Musk-ox

�� Ovibos moschatus �� , �� 400 ��. �� , �� ..

2 � �� Musk turtle :

�� . �� .

3 � �� Civet cat :

�� 41 � 81 �� 76 �� , �� ..

4 � �� Muskrat :

�� , �� .

�� .

5 � �� : �� (Baur) �� 1880� �� Musk xylol, Ketone musk, Musk ambrette .

6 � �� : �� Mimulus cardinlis �� .

��

��:� �� .�

��:� �� .�

�� .�

��:� �� .�

�� :� �� .�

��:� �� .�

�� :� �� .�

�� :� �� .�

��

- �� Mimulus Cardinilis �� . �� .

�� ɿ

- �� (Baur) �� 881� �� . �� . �� Musk Xylol. Ketone Musk. Musk Ambrette. ��

��

05-02-2008, 11:06 PM

��

05-04-2008, 07:29 PM

��

��
https://www.x66x.com/download/4451481dd8ef67bca.gif (https://www.x66x.com)

��

02-02-2009, 11:38 AM

�� :sm253:

��

02-16-2009, 05:13 PM

��

��

��

02-19-2009, 10:39 AM

��
��
��

��

��

��

02-20-2009, 03:53 AM

��

��

��

02-21-2009, 07:51 AM

��

��

��

https://img297.imageshack.us/img297/4861/62130462ya5.gif

https://forum.ashefaa.com/image.php?u...ine=1207652863 (https://forum.ashefaa.com/image.php?u=118463&type=sigpic&dateline=1207652863)
��

"�� "

��

02-21-2009, 09:49 AM

��

03-07-2009, 11:45 PM

��

��

��

https://img297.imageshack.us/img297/4861/62130462ya5.gif

https://forum.ashefaa.com/image.php?u...ine=1207652863 (https://forum.ashefaa.com/image.php?u=118463&type=sigpic&dateline=1207652863)
��

"�� "

��

12-17-2009, 08:27 AM

https://www.s3udy.net/pic/dehttps://n003_files/51.gif (https://www.s3udy.net/pic/decoration003_files/51.gif)

��
��
��
��
</I>

��

01-07-2010, 02:52 PM

��

�� ... �� .

��

01-11-2010, 11:19 AM

��

01-16-2010, 08:17 PM

�� ,, ��

��

��

01-28-2010, 09:05 AM

��
��
��
��

https://www.al-qatarya.org/qtr/qatarya_CkkLwLj8Pv.gif (https://www.al-qatarya.org/qtr/qatarya_CkkLwLj8Pv.gif)

��

10-17-2010, 09:51 PM

https://www.s3udy.net/pic/dehttps://n003_files/51.gif (https://www.s3udy.net/pic/decoration003_files/51.gif)

��

�� :more20:

��

03-04-2013, 12:56 PM

��

��

��

�� ... ��

��

https://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:HsvsZBwDsMVfaM:https://up2.m5zn.com/photo/2009/4/20/09/s0xuhnvqr.gif/gif (https://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:HsvsZBwDsMVfaM:https://up2.m5zn.com/photo/2009/4/20/09/s0xuhnvqr.gif/gif)

��

03-05-2013, 05:02 PM

��
��

��

03-06-2013, 06:47 AM

��

��

��

��

��

03-07-2013, 06:15 AM

��

��

��

�� ... ��
��

��

��

��

��

03-07-2013, 06:24 AM

��

��

��

��

04-15-2013, 11:23 AM

��

��

��

�� ... ��
��
��
��

��

https://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:HsvsZBwDsMVfaM:https://up2.m5zn.com/photo/2009/4/20/09/s0xuhnvqr.gif/gif (https://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:HsvsZBwDsMVfaM:https://up2.m5zn.com/photo/2009/4/20/09/s0xuhnvqr.gif/gif)

��

05-25-2015, 01:05 AM

��
��
��

��

09-07-2017, 12:08 PM

��

12-08-2017, 08:05 PM

��